Program overview (TEST)
SATURDAY MORNING, 18 MAY 1996
Session SA. Bose-Einstein Condensation of Atoms in the Gas Phase.
Saturday morning, 08:00, Auditorium, Rackham Building
- 08:00 SA.01
Attempts to Observe BEC in Atomic Hydrogen
- D. Kleppner
- 08:35 SA.02
Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor
- Eric Cornell (Quantum Physics Division, NIST, JILA-NIST and University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Univeristy of Colorado)
- 09:10 SA.03
Bose-Einstein Condensation of an Attractive Gas
- R. Hulet
- 09:45 SA.04
Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Gas of Sodium Atoms
- W. Ketterle
- 10:20 SA.05
Theory of Bose-Einstein Condensation in Atomic Gases
- Keith Burnett (Physics Department, University of Oxford, UK)
Session SB. Bose-Einstein Condensation.
Saturday afternoon, 13:00, Room 1800, Chemistry Building
- 13:00 SB.01
Bose-Einstein Condensation of an Atomic Gas with Attractive Interactions
- C.C. Bradley, C.A. Sackett, R.G. Hulet (Rice University)
- 13:15 SB.02
Bose-Einstein Condensation of ^7Li Atoms: Theoretical Models and Unresolved Questions
- T. Bergeman (SUNY, Stony Brook)
- 13:30 SB.03
A new magnetic trap design for the study of Bose-Einstein condensates
- Dan M. Kurn, Dallin S. Durfee, Marc-Oliver Mewes, Michael R. Andrews, N. J. van Druten, Wolfgang Ketterle (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
- 13:45 SB.04
Properties of Bose-Einstein condensates in harmonic trapping potentials
- R.J. Dodd, C.J. Williams, Charles W. Clark (National Institute of Standards and Technology), Mark Edwards (Georgia Southern University.), M.J. Holland (JILA and the University of Colorado), P.A. Ruprecht, K. Burnett (Oxford University)
- 14:00 SB.05
Phase of a Bose-Einstein Condensate.
- Juha Javanainen (U. of Connecticut)
- 14:15 SB.06
Excitation spectroscopy of atomic Bose--Einstein condensates
- Mark Edwards (Georgia Southern University), P.A. Ruprecht (Oxford University), R.J. Dodd, Charles W. Clark (NIST), K. Burnett (Oxford University)
- 14:30 SB.07
Collisions of dressed ground-state atoms
- H.M.J.M. Boesten, A.J Moerdijk, B.J. Verhaar (Eindhoven University of Technology, Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands)
Session SC. High Fields.
Saturday afternoon, 13:00, Room 1400, Chemistry Building
- 13:00 SC.01
Phase Dependence in High Order Microwave Multiphoton Transitions.
- C.W.S. Conover, Julia Rentz (Colby College)
- 13:15 SC.02
Measurements of the ac Tunneling Ionizations Phase with a Linearly Polarized, High-Intensity Laser
- S.J. McNaught, J.P. Knauer, D.D. Meyerhofer (Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester)
- 13:30 SC.03
Revivals of Ionization during Atomic Stabilization
- Qichang Su (Department of Physics,Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790)
- 13:45 SC.04
High-frequency Floquet theory content of wave-packet dynamics
- J. C. Wells, M. Gavrila (ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian)
- 14:00 SC.05
High-order nonlinear susceptibilities of He
- W.-C. Liu, Charles W. Clark (Electron and Optical Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology \protectand Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland)
- 14:15 SC.06
Obersvation of Relativistic Mass Shift Effects during High- Intensity Laser-Electron Interactions
- D.D. Meyerhofer, J.P. Knauer, S.J. McNaught, C.I. Moore (Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester)
- 14:30 SC.07
Thomas-Fermi model of multielectron dissociative ionization of diatomic molecules
- Miros\protect\law Brewczyk (Filia Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Bia\protect\lystok, Poland), Kazimierz Rzazewski (Centrum Fizyki Teoretycznej PAN, Warsaw, Poland), Charles W. Clark (Electron and Optical Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD)
- 14:45 SC.08
Precise Test of Tunneling Theories by the Laser Ionization of Hydrogenic Helium
- B. Buerke, J.P. Knauer, S.J. McNaught, C.I. Moore, D.D. Meyerhofer (Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester)
- 15:00 SC.09
Static Electric Field Effects on High Harmonic Generation
- M.Q. Bao, A.F. Starace (Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln)
Session SD. Molecular Spectroscopy.
Saturday afternoon, 13:00, Room 1200, Chemistry Building
- 13:00 SD.01
A New High Resoultion Infrared Fourier Transform Interferometer for Molecular Spectroscopy
- W.B. Cook, R.H. Hunt, W.N. Shelton (The Florida State University)
- 13:15 SD.02
Effect of Lower-State Rotational Energy Transfer Upon Density and Temperature Measurements Made With Laser-Induced Predissociative Fluorescence
- Y. Gu, G.P. Reck, E.W. Rothe (Wayne State University)
- 13:30 SD.03
Predissociation of the F^1\Sigma_g^+ of ^7Li_2
- S. Antonova, K. Urbanski, M. Lyyra (Temple University), L. Li (Tsinghua University, Beijing)
- 13:45 SD.04
A New Precision Measurement of EF\leftarrow X Transitions in Molecular Hydrogen.
- E.E. Eyler (University of Connecticut), A. Yiannopoulou (Université Claude Bernard Lyon I)
- 14:00 SD.05
Collisional Vibrational Relaxation of Diatomic Molecules
- R.J. Bieniek (University of Missouri-Rolla), S.J. Lipson (U.S. Air Force Phillips Laboratory)
- 14:15 SD.06
Spin-Orbit Branching Ratio in the Predissociation of DCl^*
- Alex Strizhev, Xiaonong Li, Rohana Liyanage, Robert J. Gordon (University of Illinois at Chicago)
Session SE. Electron Collisions.
Saturday afternoon, 13:00, Room 1640, Chemistry Building
- 13:00 SE.01
Threshold Behavior in Electron-Atom Scattering
- H. R. Sadeghpour (ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), Chris H. Greene (JILA and Physics Department, University of Colorado-Boulder)
- 13:15 SE.02
Partial Wave Dispersion Relation (DR) for Electron-Hydrogen Scattering
- A. Temkin, R.J. Drachman, A.K. Bhatia (NASA/GSFC)
- 13:30 SE.03
Scattering Parameters for the Electron Impact Excitation of the 5^1D_2 to 6 ^1P_1 Transition in Ba
- Y. Li, P.W. Zetner (University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba)
- 13:45 SE.04
Threshold law for electron impact ionization in the model of Temkin and Poet
- J. H. Macek (University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory)
- 14:00 SE.05
Spin Up-Down Asymmetries in the TDCS of Xenon Atoms
- G.F. Hanne, C. Mette, T. Simon (Universitat Munster, Germany)
- 14:15 SE.06
Near Threshold Polarization of Line Radiation From Noble Gases
- K.W. Trantham (Behlen Laboratory, University of Nebraska, Lincoln NE), M.E. Johnston (University of St. Thomas, St. Paul MN), T.J. Gay (Behlen Laboratory, University of Nebraska, Lincoln NE)
- 14:30 SE.07
Absolute Differential Cross Section Measurements for the Electron Impact Excitation of Hydrogen-Like Ions
- G. Toth, P. Richard, C.P. Bhalla (Macdonald Lab, Kansas State University)
- 14:45 SE.08
Electron impact electronic excitation of molecules using the R-matrix method.
- Jonathan Tennyson, Brendan M. McLaughlin (Harvard--Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), Charles J. Gillan (The Queen's University of Belfast)
- 15:00 SE.09
Cross Sections for the Electron-Impact Ionization of Sih_x (x=1-3) Radicals
- V. Tarnovsky, A. Levin, K. Becker (City College of CUNY)
Session SP. Poster Session IV.
Saturday morning, 11:15, Atrium, Chemistry Building
- SP.01
Multichannel Quantum Defect Treatment of Cold Collisions
- John L. Bohn (JILA and NIST, Boulder, CO), Paul S. Julienne (NIST, Gaithersburg, MD)
- SP.02
A theory of slow-atom collisions
- Bo Gao (University of Toledo)
- SP.03
Hyperfine Structure in Photassociative Spectra of ^6Li_ 2 and ^7Li_2
- E.R.I. Abraham, W.I. McAlexander, R.G. Hulet (Rice University), H.T.C. Stoof (University of Utrecht)
- SP.04
Superradiance in Coherent Resonant Light Scattering From Atomic Bose-Einstein Condensates
- E. Timmermans (ITAMP, Harvard-Smithonsonian Center for Astrophysics)
- SP.05
Dynamics of Bose-Einstein Condensation in ^87Rb
- Jason Ensher, Deborah Jin, Michael Matthews, Eric Cornell (JILA,NIST and University of Colorado at Boulder)
- SP.06
The spectrum of low-lying states of an interacting Bose gas
- B.D. Esry, Chris H. Greene (JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder)
- SP.07
Low energy excitation spectra for trapped Bose-Einstein condensates.
- William Hoston, L. You (Harvard--Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics)
- SP.08
3D lattice calculation for ionization in intermediate energy antiproton-hydrogen collisions,
- J. C. Wells (Harvard-Smithsonian), D. R. Schultz (ORNL), P. Gavras, M. S. Pindzola (Auburn)
- SP.09
Multiple Ionization in Collisions of Fast H^+ and He ^2+ Ions with Gallium Atoms
- K. Lozhkin, C.J. Patton, P. McCartney, M. Sant'anna, M.B. Shah, J. Geddes, H.B. Gilbody (Queen's University of Belfast, U.K.)
- SP.10
Three-body Collision Dynamics for Single Ionization of Helium by Protons and Antiprotons
- C.J. Wood, R.E. Olson (University of Missouri-Rolla)
- SP.11
Numerical calculation of ionization in fast ion-atom collisions
- Marko Horbatsch, Michal Chassid (York University, Toronto)
- SP.12
Ionization at Near-Threshold for H^+ + H Collisions Using Merged Beams
- Marc Pieksma, M. E. Bannister, W. Wu, C. C. Havener (ORNL)
- SP.13
Angular Distribution of Autoionized Electrons from Decay of Doubly Excited States of Helium Produced by Fast Ions Impact
- L.S. Pibida, R. Wehlitz, R. Minniti, I.A. Sellin (Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN and Oak Ridge National Laboratory)
- SP.14
Energy and Angular Distributions of Electrons in Slow Collisions of Antiprotons with Hydrogen Atoms
- S. Y. Ovchinnikov, J. H. Macek (The University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory)
- SP.15
Doubly Differential Cross Sections for Electron Emission In Ionization of Hydrogen by Bare Carbon Ions
- P. Richard, L. Tribedi, Y.D. Wang, D. Ling, C.D. Lin (Macdonald Lab, Kansas State University), R. Moshammer (GSI, Germany), III Kerby, M.E. Rudd (University of Nebraska)
- SP.16
Measurements of Electron Detachment Cross Sections in 10-50 keV Impact Energy H^- + CH_4 Collisions.
- D.G. Seely (Albion College, Albion, MI), A. Sen, T.J. Kvale (University of Toledo, Toledo, OH)
- SP.17
On the Connection Between the Longitudinal Recoil-Ion Momentum Distribution and The Electron Doubly Differential Cross Section in Ion-Atom Ionization
- P. Richard, Y.D. Wang, L. Tribedi, C.L. Cocke, C.D. Lin (Macdonald Lab, Kansas State University), V.D. Rodríguez (Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina)
- SP.18
Dynamical saddle vs Coulomb saddle in antiproton impact ionization
- M. Goddard, J. M. Feagin (California State Univ. -Fullerton)
- SP.19
Absolute Cross Sectons for Electron Impact Excitation out of the Metastable Levels of Ar
- G.A. Piech, M.E. Lagus, J.B. Boffard, M.F. Gehrke, L.W. Anderson, C.C. Lin (University of Wisconsin-Madison)
- SP.20
Electron Impact Excitation out of the 2^3S Metastable Level of He
- J.B. Boffard, G.A. Piech, M.E. Lagus, L.W. Anderson, C.C. Lin (University of Wisconsin-Madison)
- SP.21
Methods for Measuring Absolute Cross Sections of Electrons Impact Excitation out of the Metastable Levels of He and Ar
- M.E. Lagus, J.B. Boffard, G.A. Piech, L.W. Anderson, C.C. Lin (University of Wisconsin-Madison)
- SP.22
Low-Energy Electron Scattering with Polar Polyatomic Molecules (H_2O, H_2S, and NH_3) by Employing an Iterative Exchange Scheme under the Single-Center- Expansion Approach
- A. Jain (Penn. State University, Wilkes-Barre Campus)
- SP.23
Scattering of Electrons from Atmospheric Gases
- J.M. Wadehra (Wayne State University), D.D. Reid (Eastern Michigan University)
- SP.24
Effect of Gas Pressure on the Measurement of Electron-Impact Optical Emmision Cross Sections for the Xenon Atom
- J.T. Fons, S. Chung, C.C. Lin (University of Wisconsin-Madison)
- SP.25
Cross Sections for Electron-Impact Excitation of Argon by Fourier Transform Spectroscopy
- J.E. Chilton, J.B. Boffard, C.C. Lin (University of Wisconsin-Madison)
- SP.26
Doubly, Singly Differential and Total Ionization Cross Sections of Rare Gas Atoms
- Dah-Wei Chang, Philip L. Altick (University of Nevada, Reno)
- SP.27
Convergent J-matrix Calculation of the Differential Cross-Sections for Electron-Helium Scattering.
- V. D. Kravtsov, D. H. Madison (University of Missouri-Rolla), D. A. Konovalov (The Flinders University of South Australia)
- SP.28
Ab-initio Calculation on Elastic Scattering of Low Energy Electrons by Sulfur Atoms
- Hari P. Saha, Dong Lin (University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida)
- SP.29
Relativistic Optical Potential Method for Elastic Electron Scattering from Heavy Noble Gases
- S. Chen, R. P. McEachran, A. D. Stauffer (York University, Toronto, Canada)
- SP.30
Electron-Impact Ionization of Atoms Using Many-Body Perturbation Theory
- D.R. Plante, M.S. Pindzola, F. Robicheaux (Auburn University)
- SP.31
Time Dependent Electron Hydrogen Collisions
- G.D. Buffington, D.H. Madison, J.L. Peacher (University of Missouri-Rolla), D.R. Schultz (Oak Ridge National Laboratory)
- SP.32
Scattering of Positrons by Alkali Atoms
- D.D. Reid (Eastern Michigan University), J.M. Wadehra (Wayne State University)
- SP.33
Large Scale Calculations of Positron-hydrogen System at Low Energies
- Yu Rang Kuang, T. T. Gien (Department of Physics,Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NFLD, A1B 3X7, Canada)
- SP.34
Measurements of Positronium Formation Cross Sections for Positron-H Scattering
- H. Li, S. Zhou, W.E. Kauppila, C.K. Kwan, T.S. Stein (Wayne State Univ.)
- SP.35
Measurements of Total and Positronium Formation Cross Sections for Positron-Mg Scattering.
- J. JIANG, M. HARTE, W.E. KAUPPILA, C.K. KWAN, T.S. STEIN, A. SURDUTOVICH, S. ZHOU (Wayne State University)
- SP.36
Direct 3D Quadratures for the DPM Polarizatioin Potential on MIMD Computers.
- THOMAS L. GIBSON (Department of Physics, Texas Tech University)
- SP.37
Measurements of Elastic Differential Cross Sections for Positrons Scattered from CH_4, N_2, CO_2, and N_2O Molecules
- D.A. Przybyla, W. Addo-Asah, W.E. Kauppila, C.K. Kwan, T.S. Stein (Wayne State Univ.)
- SP.38
Positron Annihilation Studies in a Penning Trap: Partially Fluorinated Hydrocarbons
- Koji Iwata, R.G. Greaves, C. Kurz, C.M. Surko (University of California, San Diego)
- SP.39
Temperature Dependence of Positron Annihilation Rates on Atoms and Molecules%
- C. Kurz, R. G. Greaves, C. M. Surko (University of California, San Diego)
- SP.40
Positronium Decay and C-Odd Bosons
- M. Skalsey, R.S. Conti (University of Michigan)
- SP.41
A Pulsed Positron Beam for Positronium Spectroscopy
- B. Ghaffari, R.S. Conti, D.W. Gidley, T.D. Steiger (Department of Physics, University of Michigan)
- SP.42
Resonances in E^+-He^+ Scattering
- Y.K. Ho (IAMS, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, ROC)
- SP.43
Interference Effects in the Two-Photon Ionization of Nitric Oxide
- S.T. Pratt (Argonne National Laboratory)
- SP.44
Two-Color Phase Control of High-Order Harmonic Generation in Intense Laser Fields
- D. Telnov, J. Wang, S.I. Chu (University of Kansas)
- SP.45
The Interaction-Representation Approach to Multiphoton Process in Intense Laser Pulses
- T.F. Jiang (Chiao-Tung University), X. Chu, S.I. Chu (University of Kansas)
- SP.46
Multiphoton Above-Threhold Detachment by Intense Laser Pulses: A New Adiabatic Approach
- D. Telnov, S.I. Chu (University of Kansas)
- SP.47
The mixed gauge method for laser-atom interactions
- C.-T. Chen, F. Robicheaux (Auburn University)
- SP.48
Coherent Interference Between m-photon and n-photon Optical Paths as an New Experimental Probe.
- Maureen A. O'Halloran (The University of Oklahoma)
- SP.49
laser-Induced Auger Effect
- L.D. Van Woerkom, P. Hansch, M.A. Walker (The Ohio State University)
- SP.50
Above Threshold Ionization in Molecules
- P. Hansch, M.A. Walker, L.D. Van Woerkom (The Ohio State University)
- SP.51
Generation of High Order Harmonics of 800 nm Femtosecond Pulsed Laser Light With Noble Gases and Molecules
- S. Evans, L. Van Woerkaom (The Ohio State University)
- SP.52
Rydberg State Analysis in Noble Gases
- M.A. Walker, P. Hansch, L.D. Van Woerkom (The Ohio State University)
- SP.53
Magnetic-Field-Enhancement of m=0 States of H^0 Produced in the Interaction of 800-MeV H Ions with An Al_2O_3 Foil
- P.B. Keating, H.C. Bryant, M.S. Gulley, E.P. Mackerrow, W.A. Miller, D.C. Rislove (University of New Mexico), S. Cohen, J.B. Donahue, D.H. Fitzgerald, D.J. Funk, S.C. Frankle, R.L. Hutson, R.J. Macek, M.A. Plum, N.G. Stanciu, O.B. Van Dyck, C.A. Wilkinson (Los Alamos National Laboratory)
- SP.54
Effects of Magnetic Fields On Radiation Diffusion In Rubidium Vapor
- T.M. Colbert, T. Lavin (Augusta College)
- SP.55
Sturmian basis-state calculation of laser-atom interactions
- Marko Horbatsch, Brian Denton (York University, Toronto)
- SP.56
Intensity Dependence in Ramsey Fringes Using Incoherent Light
- J.A. Mendez, C.W.S. Conover (Colby College)
- SP.57
Picosecond Pump-Probe Absorption Spectroscopy of L-edge Red-Shifts due to Continuum Lowering
- M. Nantel, J. Workman, A. Maksimchuk, D. Umstadter (Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan)
- SP.58
Measurement of a linear Stark effect on the 254-nm line of mercury.
- James P. Jacobs (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Montana, Missoula, MT)
- SP.59
Sensitive Polarization Dependence for Helium Rydberg Atoms Driven by Strong Microwave Fields
- S.A. Zelazny, M.R.W. Bellermann, L.L. Smith, P.M. Koch (SUNY, Stony Brook)
- SP.60
Floquet Analysis of Rydberg State Evolution in Half- cycle Pulses.
- S.T. Cornett, T.R. Symons, M.J. Cavagnero (Univ. of Kentucky)
- SP.61
The Hydrogen Atom in Very Strong Magnetic and Electric Fields
- P. Fassbinder, T. Uzer (Georgia Institute of Technology), W. Schweizer (Universität Tübingen, Germany)
- SP.62
On the Ponderomotive Four-Momentum
- J. Gao (University of Illinois), D.S. Guo (Southern University and A&M College)
- SP.63
Coherent Control of Diatomic Molecular Processes
- L.A. Collins, J.D. Kress, R.B. Walker (Los Alamos Nat. Lab.)
- SP.64
Beam-Foil Lifetime Measurements for Low-Lying Levels of Na-Like and Mg-Like Calcium
- E.H. Pinnington, J.A. Kernahan (University of Alberta), E. Trabert (Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Germany)
- SP.65
A new method to calculate optical oscillator strengths ^+
- Zhifan Chen, and Alfred Z. Msezane (Clark Atlanta University)
- SP.66
Selected Lifetime and Oscillator Strength Measurements in SiII
- Henry S. Povolny, Richard M. Schectman, Lorenzo J. Curtis (Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo)
- SP.67
Predictive Systematization of Line Strengths for the 2s^2-2s2p
Resonance and Intercombination Transitions in the Be Isoelectronic
Sequence
- Lorenzo J. Curtis, David G. Ellis (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo,
Toledo, OH 43606)
- SP.68
Isoelectronic Studies of the Lifetimes of the Twelve 4d^95p Fine Structure Levels of Ag II, Cd III, and In IV, and Measurements of the Lifetimes of the Tl II 5s5p ^3P_1 and the Bi II 6p_1/27s ^3P_1 Levels using Beam Foil Excitation.
- Murray Henderson, Lorenzo J. Curtis (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo,
Toledo, OH 43606), Indrek Martinson (Department of Physics, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden)
- SP.69
Oscillator Strengths for Dipole-Allowed Transitions in Cd^ +
- S.S. Tayal (Clark Atlanta University)
- SP.70
Lifetimes of 2p3p, 2p3d and 2s2p Levels in B II.
- Richard E. Irving, Lorenzo J. Curtis (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo,
Toledo, OH 43606), Indrek Martinson (Department of Physics, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden)
- SP.71
Transition Probabilities for Spectral Lines in Co I
- D. E. Nitz, K. L. Wilson, L. R. Lentz (Saint Olaf College, Northfield, MN 55057)
- SP.72
Atomic transition probabilities and branching fractions of s--p and p--d transitions in neon, oxygen and fluorine
- Ulf Griesmann, Józef Musielok ((perm. address: University of Opole, Poland)), Ewa Pawelec ((perm. address: Jagellonian University Kraków, Poland)), Gabor Veres ((perm. address: K.F.K.I, Budapest, Hungary)), Wolfgang Wiese (National Institute of Standards and Technology)
- SP.73
Radiative Lifetime of the 2s^22p^4 ^1S_0 Metastable Level of Ne^++.
- A.G. Calamai (Philadelphia College of Pharmacy amp; Science), A.N. Daw, W.H. Parkinson, Peter L. Smith (Harvard--Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics)
- SP.74
Radiative Lifetimes of Odd-Parity Levels in Cr I
- J.C. Cooper, J.E. Lawler, N.D. Gibson (University of Wiscosin-Madison)
- SP.75
Atomic Transition Probabilities for Rare Earths
- H.M. Anderson, J.J. Curry, E.A. Den Hartog, M.E. Wickliffe, J.E. Lawler (University of Wisconsin-Madison)
- SP.76
Laboratory Observation of the 2s2p^3 ^5S_2 - 2s^22p^2 ^3P_2,1 Forbidden Lines of N^+
- J.J. Curry, B.D. Gibson, J.E. Lawler (University of Wisconsin-Madison)