Session Q1 - Poster Session III.
POSTER session, Monday afternoon, April 07
Regency A, Loews Philadelphia Hotel

[Q1.001] Astrophysics

[Q1.002] Recent Black Hole Growth in UHECR-Emitting Quasar Remnants

We are investigating a set of nearby quasar remnants that are likely emitters of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs). In order to accelerate UHECRs, we believe that these galaxies' central black holes must accrete gas while producing very little radiation. This puts these objects into a very different regime from any quasar phase they may have undergone earlier. The history of black hole growth is therefore important; it may be that these galaxies experience recent, significant black hole growth by accreting gas from the bulge, long after their last major galactic merger.

[Q1.003] Neutron skins and the equation of state for neutron-rich matter

Our knowledge of matter distribution in asymmetric nuclei is still limited. Even for a nucleus such as ^208Pb, for which a fairly large database exists, determinations of neutron densities, usually done through analysis of scattering data,(B.C. Clark et al.), nucl-th/0209052. vary considerably depending on the model used in the analysis.(S. Karataglidis et al.), Phys. Rev. C 65, 044306 (2002). This status is likely to change in the near future. Parity-violating measurements have been proposed as a tool to discern neutron densities with unprecedented accuracy.(C.J. Horowitz et al.), Phys. Rev. C 63, 025501 (2001). Thus theoretical predictions of neutron radii and neutron skins are particularly timely. These crucial observables can also have impact on astrophysical systems/phenomena, such as possible phase transitions in neutron stars. The thickness of neutron skins depend on the equation of state (EOS) of neutron-rich matter. We will make predictions based on our microscopic model of the EOS for asymmetric matter.

[Q1.004] Variabilities of the ``Vacuum Light Velocity'' (VLV) and of the ``Fine Structure Constant'' (FSC) in Some Space Regions As Due to Irregularities in the Electron Positron Lattice (EPOLA) Structure of the ``Vacuum'' Space

The epola structure is analagous to that of the NaCl (poly)crystals.1. Here the velocity square of elastic (sound) waves is the quotient p/d of elastic energy density by mass density, thus of the Na^+ Cl^- ion pair's binding energy E by the mass m of the pair, c^2=E/m=8eV/58amu, yielding c=3.8km/s. In the epola, c^2=E/m=1.02MeV/1.82 10^-30kg, yielding c=300,000km/s for the velocity of elastic (elctromagnetic) waves in the undisturbed epola. In space regions with a massive presence of heavy nuclei or nuclear bodies, the epola is disturbed and the wave velocity reduced: by a factor of 2 in epo-liquid, of 10 in epo-gas, and down to zero in voids (no sound in vacuum, no light in black holes). Uneasy to deny the canonized ``universal constancy'' of the VLV, people use the variability of the FSC.2. However, the "fundamental constant" 1/137 value of the FSC means just that the electron velocity on the ground-state orbit of the H atom is 137 (``magic number'' times smaller than the VLV. Hence, the FSC variability means also the variability of the VLV. See:1.M.Simhony, Invitation to the Natural Physics of Matter, Space, and Radiation, World Scientific, 1994 (292pp.) ISBN 981-02-1649-1. Website: www.word1.co.il/physics > 2.P.Davies, et al, Nature 418,602(2002)

[Q1.005] Creation

An infinity of pure, non-moving space did not need to be created. What would or could replace it? The Self-Creating Universe* explains exactly the importance of why this infinity of space was static and how static space converted itself to first movement thus creating the two equal but opposite forces necessary for cosmic evolution to begin. This process provided the atmosphere for a self-causing third force to develope. The third force, in conjunction with the original two forces, became the background that triggered the creation of the physical forces. The derivatives of this action/re-action allowed all of the known cosmos to complete itself. All processes of movement constituting the cosmos, whether it be compression (creating density) or expansion (drawing a vacuum), must involve two or more of the three original forces. The full abstract of The Self-Creating Universe* theory, can be found at http://www.scuinc.com.

*copyright by Bruce Terry All Rights Reserved

[Q1.006] Tests of Physical Laws

[Q1.007] The Sub 0.1 fm Experimental Value of the Electron Radius, the Inability to Create or Annihilate an Electron even by TeV Energies, the Impossibility of Kinetic Energy Transfer to an Electron from a Particle of a 10^5 Times Smaller Mass, the Belief in Mass-Energy Equivalence (MEE) and the Electron Positron Lattice (EPOLA) Model of Space

Scientists would not believe that the appearance and disappearance of rabbits in a magic box means their creation and annihilation by energy signals. However the belief in MEE made the results of the Anderson Experiment (1932) be accepted as creation and annihilation of particles out of and into energy, though never since was there a single electron created or annihilated in empy space, even now with muli TeV energies, and though phenomena obtain simple physical explanations as due to the epola structure of space,1, while the MEE fails. E.g., MEE yields the 2.82 fm value for the "classical electron radius" while scattering of fast electron beams proves (since the 1980's) that the electron radius must be below 0.1fm, and the value obtained then in the epola model is 0.094fm. Thus the density of matter in the electron is 3 10^17 kg/m^3, as in all stable nuclear particles known on earth. Another crush of MEE is the physically impossible direct transfer of kinetic energy from a several eV photon to a free electron of 511,000 eV MEE, as in Einstein's 1905 interpretation of the photo-electric effect. The solution is that the acting particle is an epola electron or positron that momentarily carries the photon energy and is thus able to transfer it to a nuclear particle of comparable mass. See:1.M.Simhony, Invitation to the Natural Physics of Matter, Space, and Radiation, World Scientific, 1994, ISBN 981-02-1649-1. Website: www.word1.co.il/physics

[Q1.008] Quantum Mechanics and Contrafactuality

Fundamental properties of quantum mechanics include superposition, entanglement and decoherence. Contrafactuality or counterfactual reasoning arises in quantum mechanics involving statements of results of measurements not taken, but implied by prevailing experimental conditions. This type of logic is commonly invoked in connection with Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlations or Bell's theorem-related thought experiments to demonstrate quantum contradictions with local realistic theories. It has been suggested [1] that these counterfactual statements need to be applied very carefully. This paper will attempt to demonstrate how contrafactuality is implicit in the properties of quantum mechanics mentioned above, and how the interconnections of superposition, entanglement, and decoherence make contrafactuality an integral part of quantum theoretical formulations. What a re-formulation of quantum theory would entail under a more restricted use of counterfactual statements will also be suggested.

[1] D. Mermin, Am. J. Phys. 66, 753 (1998); D. Mermin, Am. J. Phys. 66, 920 (1998); U. Mohrhoff, Am. J. Phys. 68, 728 (2000); J. Di Rienzi, Phys. Essays 14, 149 (2001).

[Q1.009] Physical Roots of It from Bit

Why there is Something rather than Nothing? From Pythagoras ("everything is number") to Wheeler ("it from bit") theme of ultimate origin stresses primordiality of Ideal Platonic World (IPW) of mathematics. Even popular "quantum tunnelling out of nothing" can specify "nothing" only as (essentially) IPW. IPW exists everywhere (but nowhere in particular) and logically precedes space, time, matter or any "physics" in any conceivable universe. This leads to propositional conjecture (axiom?) that (meta)physical "Platonic Pressure" of infinitude of numbers acts as engine for self-generation of physical universe directly out of mathematics: cosmogenesis is driven by the very fact of IPW inexhaustibility. While physics in other quantum branches of inflating universe (Megaverse)can be(arbitrary) different from ours, number theory (and rest of IPW)is not (it is unique, absolute, immutable and infinitely resourceful). Let (infinite) totality of microstates ("its") of entire Megaverse form countable set. Since countable sets are hierarchically inexhaustible (Cantor's "fractal branching"), each single "it" still has infinite tail of non-overlapping IPW-based "personal labels". Thus, each "bit" ("it") is infinitely and uniquely resourceful: possible venue of elimination ergodicity basis for eternal return cosmological argument. Physics (in any subuniverse) may be limited only by inherent impossibilities residing in IPW, e.g. insolvability of Continuum Problem may be IPW foundation of quantum indeterminicity.

[Q1.010] Multiple Observer Model of Quantum Measurement

This is an attempt to create a consistent and non-trivial extension of quantum theory, describing in detail the quantum measurement process. A tentative but concrete model is presented, based on the concept of multiple observer/participators, represented by separate state vectors. The evolution is deterministic, and in the chaotic regime implies approximate adherence to the Born rule for probabilities. The model is applied in a number of contexts: simple detectors, multi-state selectors, and intermittent systems. The results are consistent with phenomenology. We also consider more speculative applications, including specific spin and position `observables.' Finally the outlook for the model is discussed, and its relation to other work.

[Q1.011] Order \alpha^2 corrections to the decay rate of parapositronium

Parapositronium, the spin-0 electron-positron bound state, decays electromagnetically to an even number of photons. The theoretical expression for its decay rate has the form \beginequation \Gamma_p-Ps = \Gamma_0 \Bigl [ 1 + A \alpha øver \pi - 2 \alpha^2 \ln \alpha + B \Bigl ( \alpha øver \pi \Bigr )^2 - 3 \alpha^3 øver 2 \pi \ln^2 \alpha + C \alpha^3 øver \pi \ln \alpha + \cdots \Bigr ] \endequation where the lowest order contribution is \Gamma_0 = 1 øver 2 m \alpha^5 = 8.0325 ns^-1. The one-loop correction is known to be A=\pi^2 øver 4-5. The result of our present calculation is a value for the two-loop correction B. We used the method of NRQED (nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics) to separate binding effects from a high energy part requiring two-loop renormalization. We compare our result against a recent independent calculation of B by Czarnecki, Melnikov, and Yelkhovsky [Phys. Rev. A 61, 052502 (2000) and Phys. Rev. A 62, 059902(E), (2000)] and against experiment.

[Q1.012] Thermodynamics in Quantum Supersymmetry

>From a real, explicitly supersymmetric action, the corresponding lagrangean is found in terms of the physically relevant fields: one bosonic that represents the coordinates of the particle, and its fermionic counterpart. The associated hamiltonian is calculated and then quantized via Dirac quantization. The appropriate eigenenergy problem is solved in closed form for free particles and quadratic potentials. Temperature is introduced in both cases from the appropriate partition function. In the free case, the partition function is calculated as a function of temperature and also the "chemical potential" associated with a hermitian operator that represents a supersymmetric conserved charge. For the quadratic case, the partition function is calculated only as a function of temperature.

[Q1.013] For the Problem of the Correspondence Principle

The correct solution of the problem of the correspondence principle is suggested. It represents the new point of view which has arisen from the critical analysis of the foundations of physics (classical and quantum mechanics, statistical physics and physical kinetics) and philosophy. The main idea following from the analysis is that the concepts (the categories) and the principles (in particular, the gnosiological principle) of dialectical materialism represent a key to understanding of the problem. The gnosiological principle is briefly formulated as follows. The purpose of science is to know the laws of the Nature. The law is a form of scientific knowledge of the essence and the phenomenon. The essence is the internal basis of the phenomenon, and the phenomenon is the manifestation of the essence. In other words, the essence determines the phenomenon, and the phenomenon characterizes the essence. Dialectics of essence and phenomenon is that the essence and the phenomenon are mutually dependent and can transit into each other. The measurements are the main way of studying of the phenomenon, and the abstract thinking is the main way of understanding of the essence. Human practice is a basis of knowledge and a criterion of truth. The principles of dialectical materialism lead to the following statements representing the solution of the problem of the correspondence principle. (1) The objective physical theories are divided into two opposite (non intersecting) classes: a class of essence theories and a class of phenomenon theories. These classes are bounds of each other. (2) The class of essence theories is represented, for example, by the new quantum theory [1]. The class of phenomenon theories is represented, for example, by quantum statistical physics and physical kinetics [2, 3]. The averaging of the quantized physical quantity representing the essence corresponds to manifestation (measurement) of this quantity, i.e. the averaging corresponds to transition of the essence into the phenomenon. (4) Manifestation of the essence does not result in change of the essence, since the phenomenon always characterizes the essence. Consequences. (a) The principle of mutual correspondence of essence and phenomenon: the averaging of quantized physical quantities corresponds to transition of the essence theory into the phenomenon theory; the phenomenon theory characterizes the essence theory. (b) Newtonian mechanics as a phenomenon theory does not characterize the new quantum theory [1]. Really, Newtonian mechanics is based on the statement that the motion of a free material point is determined only by choice of system of reference (i.e. the motion is not attribute of a material point). However, the new theory [1] negate this main statement: namely, the motion is attribute of a quantum particle (i.e. its motion does not depend on a choice of system of reference). From the logical point of view, it means that the quantum theory and Newtonian mechanics contradict each other in principal point. Therefore, one of them is a true theory, and another is a false theory if they are used for the description of the same object in one and the same sense. Consequently, the Bohr formulation of the correspondence principle is a logical error if it state that classical mechanics is the limiting case of quantum mechanics. (References: [1] T.Z. Kalanov, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 47, No. 2 (2002) p. 164; [2], [3] T.Z. Kalanov, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 47, No. 2 (2002) p. 163-164).

[Q1.014] On a New Theory of the System of Reference

A new theory of the system of reference is suggested. It represents the new point of view which has arisen from the critical analysis of the foundations of physics (in particular, the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics), mathematics, cosmology and philosophy. The main idea following from the analysis is that the correct concept of system of reference represents a key to comprehension of many basic logic errors which are in modern physics. The starting point of the theory is represented by the philosophical (dialectical materialistic) principles, in particular, the gnosiological principle. (The gnosiological principle is briefly formulated as follows. The purpose of a science is to know the laws of the Nature. The law is a form of scientific knowledge of the essence and the phenomenon. The essence is the internal basis of the phenomenon, and the phenomenon is the manifestation of the essence. Human practice is a basis of knowledge and a criterion of truth). These principles lead to the following statements. (1) The reality is the dialectical unity of the opposites: the objective reality and the non-objective (subjective) reality. (2) The system mankind + means of knowledge belongs to the subjective reality and is called system of reference. In this wide sense, the system of reference is the universal informational gnostic basis (i.e. the system consisting of natural objects and processes, of constructed devices and instruments, of sum of human knowledge and skills) created and used by mankind for the purpose of knowledge of the world. (3) The opposites are bounds of each other. Hence, the principle of objectivity of the physical laws is formulated as follows: the objective physical laws must not contain mentions of system of reference (in particular, references to procedure of measurement or of calculation). (4) The main informational property of the unitary system set of researches physical objects + system of reference is that the system of reference determines (measures, calculates) the parameters of the subsystem set of researched physical objects (for example, the coordinates x_M, y_M, z_M of the object M); the parameters characterize the system of reference (for example, the system of coordinates). (5) The main gnostic property of the unitary system set of researches physical objects + system of reference is that the system of reference defines (formulates) the physical laws (i.e. creates the theories); the physical laws characterize the system of reference. (6) The parameters which take on values independently of existence of the researched physical objects characterize the system of reference. For example, the clock C, a part of the system of reference S, determines (but it does not measure!) the time t_C; the time t_C characterizes the clock C. If all clocks have been synchronized, the universal time t_S characterizes the system of reference S. (7) Researched physical object M and a clock are mutually independent objects. Hence, the coordinates x_M, y_M, z_M and the time t_S are mutually independent parameters. (8) The informational one-to-one correspondence between motion of object M and physical clock-process in clock is established (is defined) by man. For example, it has a form: dx_M/dt_S \equiv v_x_M. Consequences: (a) information about the world is an ordered information because the system of reference S is an ordered and universal system. This information is an objective one if it does not depend on a system of reference; (b) mathematical operations on physical quantities with the coordinates and with the time are allowed by the laws of logic because the set of researches physical objects + system of reference is a unitary system; (c) the principle of existence and of transformation of coordinates: there are no coordinates and no transformation of coordinates in general, and there exist the coordinates x_M, y_M, z_M and transformation of the coordinates x_M, y_M, z_M of the object M only; (d) the special and general theories of relativity are an erroneous theories because their foundations, firstly, do not satisfy the principle of objectivity of the physical laws, secondly, they contradict the principle of transformation of coordinates and, thirdly, they assume mutual dependence between the researched physical object and a clock (i.e. between coordinates and time); (e) quantum mechanics does not satisfy the principle of objectivity of the physical laws.

[Q1.015] On the Essence of Space

A new theory of space is suggested. It represents the new point of view which has arisen from the critical analysis of the foundations of physics (in particular the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics), mathematics, cosmology and philosophy. The main idea following from the analysis is that the concept of movement represents a key to understanding of the essence of space. The starting-point of the theory is represented by the following philosophical (dialectical materialistic) principles. (a) The principle of the materiality (of the objective reality) of the Nature: the Nature (the Universe) is a system (a set) of material objects (particles, bodies, fields); each object has properties, features, and the properties, the features are inseparable characteristics of material object and belong only to material object. (b) The principle of the existence of material object: an object exists as the objective reality, and movement is a form of existence of object. (c) The principle (definition) of movement of object: the movement is change (i.e. transition of some states into others) in general; the movement determines a direction, and direction characterizes the movement. (d) The principle of existence of time: the time exists as the parameter of the system of reference. These principles lead to the following statements expressing the essence of space. (1) There is no space in general, and there exist space only as a form of existence of the properties and features of the object. It means that the space is a set of the measures of the object (the measure is the philosophical category meaning unity of the qualitative and quantitative determinacy of the object). In other words, the space of the object is a set of the states of the object. (2) The states of the object are manifested only in a system of reference. The main informational property of the unitary system researched physical object + system of reference is that the system of reference determines (measures, calculates) the parameters of the subsystem researched physical object (for example, the coordinates of the object M); the parameters characterize the system of reference (for example, the system of coordinates S). (3) Each parameter of the object is its measure. Total number of the mutually independent parameters of the object is called dimension of the space of the object. (4) The set of numerical values (i.e. the range, the spectrum) of each parameter is the subspace of the object. (The coordinate space, the momentum space and the energy space are examples of the subspaces of the object). (5) The set of the parameters of the object is divided into two non intersecting (opposite) classes: the class of the internal parameters and the class of the non internal (i.e. external) parameters. The class of the external parameters is divided into two non intersecting (opposite) subclasses: the subclass of the absolute parameters (characterizing the form, the sizes of the object) and the subclass of the non absolute (relative) parameters (characterizing the position, the coordinates of the object). (6) Set of the external parameters forms the external space of object. It is called geometrical space of object. (7) Since a macroscopic object has three mutually independent sizes, the dimension of its external absolute space is equal to three. Consequently, the dimension of its external relative space is also equal to three. Thus, the total dimension of the external space of the macroscopic object is equal to six. (8) In general case, the external absolute space (i.e. the form, the sizes) and the external relative space (i.e. the position, the coordinates) of any object are mutually dependent because of influence of a medium. The geometrical space of such object is called non Euclidean space. If the external absolute space and the external relative space of some object are mutually independent, then the external relative space of such object is the homogeneous and isotropic geometrical space. It is called Euclidean space of the object. Consequences: (i) the question of true geometry of the Universe is incorrect; (ii) the theory of relativity has no physical meaning.

[Q1.016] For the Problem of Knowledge of the Universe

A new approach to the problem of knowledge of the Universe is suggested. This approach represents the new point of view which has arisen from the critical analysis of the foundations of physics, cosmology and philosophy (dialectical materialism). The principal idea following from the analysis is that only concepts (categories) and principles of dialectics are a basis of the correct theory of the Universe. The foundation of the correct theory is represented by the following philosophical principles. (a) The principle of materiality (objective reality) of the Nature: the Nature (Universe) is a system (set) of material objects (particles, bodies, fields). (b) The principle of existence of material object: an object exists as the objective reality, and movement is a form of existence of object. (c) The principle (definition) of movement of object: the movement is change (i.e. transition of some states into others) in general; the movement determines a direction, and direction characterizes the movement. (d) The principle of existence of time: the time exist as the parameter of the system of reference. (e) The principle of unity of opposites. (In particular, it means that the opposites are bounds of each other. In other words, if a class is divided into two non intersecting (opposite) subclasses, then each subclass is a bound another). (f) System principle: the properties of the system are not logical consequence, corollary of the properties of the elements of the system. These principles result in the following main statements about the Nature (Universe). The Universe does not contain subset of non objects (i.e. empty subset). Therefore, in accordance with (e), the Universe has no objective bound. It means that size (radius), mass, energy are not parameters of the Universe (i.e. size, mass, energy have physical meaning only in the case of limited objects). Consequences. (1) The generally accepted theories of evolution of the Universe (for example, Big Bang Theory) are incorrect if they contain the assumption of existence of the bound of the Universe (i.e. if concepts of singular state of the Universe, of expending or compressing of the Universe, of stability or instability of the Universe underlie the theories). (2) The principle of movement of the Universe: the movement of the Universe is represented by birth and extermination of objects and, consequently, change of structure of the Universe as a system. In particular, it means that there exist copies of objects. (In fact, the principle of identity of quantum particles of the same kind (for example, electrons) is a form of manifestation (consequence) of the principle of birth and extermination of objects). (3) The principle of movement of the Universe is a form of manifestation of the principle of development of the Universe (Nature). (4) The principle of development of the Universe (Nature) is a form of manifestation of the principle of existence of Unitary (i.e. of God). (5) The principle of existence of Unitary (God): Unitary (God) exists as the dialectical unity, identity of the opposites the real (material) and non real (non material) aspects of Unitary. (6) The principle of existence of Unitary (God) represents principal point of a new dialectical gnosiology (i.e. theory of knowledge). (7) Dialectical unity, identity of human practice and of human non practice (i.e. of human ethics based on comprehension of existence of God) is the criterion human truth. (8) The criterion of human truth determines a true way of knowledge of the Nature (Universe). (9) A bound of human knowledge and of human development is determined by development principle. (10) The existence of the bound of human development means existence of the bound only between Mankind and non Mankind (i.e. Supreme Intellect). Hence, the end of evolution of Mankind means transition, transformation, transmutation, dissolution of Mankind into Supreme Intellect. The comprehension of existence of Supreme Intellect around us will mean a beginning of contact, of dialogue with it.

[Q1.017] STM-Induced Light Emission from the Surface of Perinone Derivative Molecular Monolayer Covered Au (100) Substrate

The light emission property on the surface of perinone derivative (PD) molecular monolayer covered Au(100) substrate (PD/Au(100)) was investigated by using an ultrahigh-vacuum tunneling microscopy. The optical spectral and emission intensity measured from the bare Au(100) surface and the PD/Au(100) surface indicated that the observed light emission from the PD/Au(100) surface is dominated by the surface plasmon. The PD molecules showed weak contribution to the observed light emission. The reason is attributed to the strong coupling of PD molecular electronic states in the PD molecular monolayers with the Au(100) surface and the resultant quenching of molecular fluorescence to the Au(100) surface through non-radiative energy dissipation. The results suggest that light emission from molecules on metal substrate maybe enhanced by improving the decoupling of the PD molecular electronic states to the metal substrate.

[Q1.018] The Theory of Relativity: An Error of the Transformation of Coordinates

A critical analysis of the basis of the theory of relativity is offered. The purpose of the analysis is to reveal physical meaning of the Lorentz transformations. The starting-point of the analysis is represented by: (a) the standard way of deduction of Lorentzs formulae, i.e. the way of introduction (insertion) of the Galilean transformation into the equation for the front of the light wave; (b) the principle of existence and of transformation of coordinates: there are no coordinates and no transformation of coordinates in general, and there exist the coordinates and transformation of the coordinates of the object only. The results of the critical analysis are as follows. (1) The front (i.e. the point) of the light beam (for example, in the Michelson-Morly interferometer) is a physical object L. The equation for the front of the light beam in the system of coordinates S (i.e. the Sun) is given by the expression: x_L = ct where c is the velocity of light in vacuo (light is propagated in the positive direction of the axis Ox), t is time. (2) Material point (for example, Michelson-Morly interferometers mirror which is in the system of coordinates E (i.e. the Earth)) is a object M. The Galilean transformation relates the coordinates of the point M in the systems S and E: x_M = Vt + x^\prime _M where V is the velocity of motion of the system E relative to the system S in the positive direction of the axis Ox (V < c). (3) Introduction (insertion) of the Galilean transformation into the equation for the front of the light beam means equality between the coordinates: x_M(t) = x_L(t). The equality between the coordinates of the objects M and L means an intersection (coincidence) of the objects M and L with each other. Hence, the physical meaning of such introduction (insertion) is that it means the intersection (coincidence) of the objects M and L with each other. (4) If x_M(t) = x_L(t) is an equation for t, then a solution is given by the Michelson-Morly formulae: t = D/(c V) (in the system S) and t = D/c (in the system E) where D is the length of the interferometers shoulder. (5) The statement that the equalities x_M = x_L (in the system S) and x^\prime _M = x^\prime _L (in the system E) must be valid at any moment of time results in the Lorentz transformations (formulae): x_M = \gamma (x^\prime _M + \beta x^\prime _L), x_L = \gamma (x^\prime _L + \beta x^\prime _M) where x_L = ct, x^\prime _L = ct^\prime , \beta \equiv V/c, and \gamma \equiv (1 – \beta ^2)^1/2 is the contraction factor. (6) From the Lorentz transformations (formulae), it follows that the equalities x_M = x_L and x^\prime _M = x^\prime _L are valid at any moment of time. Hence, the physical meaning of the Lorentz formulae is that they express the intersection (coincidence) of the objects M and L with each other at any moment of time. (7) Since the objects M and L cannot intersect one another at any moment of time, the Lorentz transformations are incorrect. Thus, the theory of relativity is incorrect. The incorrectness of the special theory of relativity is proved with experimental data: the experimental and calculated data of Michelson-Morly are in the complete agreement with each other in the system E. (A more detailed consideration is given in the articles [T.Z. Kalanov, in the journal: Doklady Akademii Nauk Respubliki Uzbekistan (1995, 1999), and at http://www.mrelativity.net]).

[Q1.019] THE GENERAL EQUATION OF MOTION VIA THE SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY AND QUANTUM MECHANICS PART I: A NEW APPROACH TO NEWTON EQUATION OF MOTION

Herein we present a whole new approach to the derivation of the Newton Equation of Motion; throughout Part II of the present work, this shall lead to the findings brought up within the frame of the general theory of relativity (such as the precession of the perihelion of the planets, and the deflection of light nearby a star). To the contrary of what had been generally achieved so far, our basis consists in supposing that the gravitational field, through the binding process, alters the “rest mass” of an object conveyed in it. In fact, the special theory of relativity already imposes such a change. Next to this theory, we use the classical Newtonian gravitational attraction, reigning between two static masses; we have previously shown however that the 1/r^2 dependency of the gravitational force is also imposed by the special theory of relativity [1].

Our metric, is (just like the one used by the general theory of relativity) altered by the gravitational field (in fact, by any field the “measurement unit” in hand interacts with); yet in our approach, this occurs via quantum mechanics. More specifically, the rest mass of an object in a gravitational field is decreased as much as its binding energy in the field. A mass deficiency conversely, via quantum mechanics, yields the stretching of the size of the object in hand, as well as the weakening of its internal energy. Henceforth we shall not need the “principle of equivalence” assumed by the general theory of relativity, in order to predict the occurrences dealt with this theory [2].

We start with the following interesting postulate, in fact nothing else but the conservation of energy, in the broader sense of the concept of “energy”. Thus The rest mass of an object bound to a celestial body amounts less than its rest mass measured in empty space, and this as much as its binding energy vis-à-vis the gravitational field of concern.

This yields (with the familiar notation), the interesting equation of motion ( e^-\alpha_0(r_0)/(1-(v_0/c_0)^2)^1/2 )=Constant; \alpha_0(r_0)=GM_0/(r_0(c_0)^2);

here M_0 is the mass of the celestial body creating the gravitational field of concern; G is the universal gravitational constant; r_0 points to a location picked up on the trajectory of the motion; v_0 is the tangential velocity of the object at r_0, and c_0 the speed of light in empty space.

The above relationship tells us that the mass of the object in motion can be conceived as made of its mass brought from infinity, at the location defined by r_0 on its trajectory, thus i) decreased as much as its binding energy, ii) but at the same time, increased by a Lorentz factor, due to its translational motion on the trajectory.

The differentiation of this relationship leads to -(GM_0/(r_0)^2)(1-(v_0)^2/(c_0)^2)=v_0dv_0/dr_0

This differential equation is the classical Newton Equation of Motion, were v_0 , negligible as compared to c_0 (the speed of light in empty space).

[1] T. Yarman, Invariances Based on Mass And Charge Variation, Manufactured by Wave Mechanics, Making up The Rules of Universal Matter Architecture, Chimica Acta Turcica, Vol 27, 1999. [2] T. Yarman, A Novel Approach to The End Results of the General Theory of Relativity and to Bound Muon Decay Rate Retardation, DAMOP 2001 Meeting, APS, May 16 -19, 2001, London, Ontario, Canada.

[Q1.020] THE GENERAL EQUATION OF MOTION VIA THE SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY AND QAUNTUM MECHANICS PART II: CHECK AGAINST THE BASIC PREDICTIONS OF THE GENERAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY

In Part I of this work, we derived a general equation of motion, based only on the special theory of relativity and energy conservation. This equation, turned out to be that of Newton, in the case the motion is driven by a weak gravitational field, with a velocity small as compared to the velocity of light. Thus in Part I we found

-(GM_0/(r_0)^2)(1-(v_0)^2/(c_0)^2)=v_0dv_0/dr_0

(written by the author, in the local frame of reference)

here r_0 is the distance of the object to the center of celestial object of mass M_0, v_0 its velocity, as referred to the local observer; G is the universal constant of gravitation, and c_0 the velocity of light in empty space.

The above equation is written for the local observer; we should as well be able to write it, as seen by the distant observer. Thus, as we have discussed, the rest mass of an object in a gravitational field (in fact in any field the object in hand enters into interaction), is decreased as much as its binding energy in the field; a mass deficiency conversely, via quantum mechanics, yields (on the contrary to what the general theory of relativity predicts), the stretching of its size, as well as the weakening of its internal energy [1]. Henceforth we are not in the need of the “principle of equivalence” assumed by the general theory of relativity, in order to predict the occurrences dealt with this theory [2].

Our approach then, as viewed by the distant observer, yields

-(GM_0/r^2)e^-\alpha_0(1-2e^2\alpha_0(v^2/(c_0)^2))=vdv/dr; \alpha_0r=GM_0/(r(c_0)^2);

here r is the distance of the object to the center of celestial object of mass M_0, and v its velocity, as referred to the distant observer.

The frame drawn by the above equation allows us to derive the essential findings of the general theory of relativity, i.e. the bending of light through its passage nearby a celestial body, and the precession of the perihelion of the planets. Thus light is deflected exactly twice of what is classically predicted, whereas we predict for Mercury, a precession of the perihelion about 1.3Einstein predicted; the difference in question is experimentally indiscernible in the case of Mercury, but it should become more important, in a stronger field.

Following our approach we further undertake the behavior of an object thrown with a very high speed from a celestial body; this amazingly evokes the inflationary behavior of the universe, at the very beginning.

[1] T. Yarman, Invariances Based on Mass And Charge Variation, Manufactured by Wave Mechanics, Making up The Rules of Universal Matter Architecture, Chimica Acta Turcica, Vol 27, 1999.

[2] T. Yarman, A Novel Approach to The End Results of the General Theory of Relativity and to Bound Muon Decay Rate Retardation, DAMOP 2001 Meeting, APS, May 16 -19, 2001, London, Ontario, Canada.

[Q1.021] FORCES BETWEEN ELECTRICAL CURRENT ELEMENTS

The momentum of a charged particle is p*=mv*-qA*, where m, v*, q and A* are respectively mass, velocity, charge and vector potential, and * denotes vector. Hence current element I’ds’* exerts a force on Ids*: ddF*=b(II’/r3)(r*.ds*)ds’*=ddF*(magnetic)+b(II’/r3)(ds*.ds’*)r*(nonmagnetic), where b=10-7 Newton/Ampere2. From ds’* to ds* is r*. This causes a nonuniform charge distribution along the circuit(s) containing Ids* and I’ds’* whose field transfers ddF* from conduction electrons to ions. The line integral of ddF* is tensile between points of a rectilinear portion of a circuit. The Lorentz force and Ampere’s third law of magnetostatic force are invalid if ddF* is confirmed by a nonzero torque of a Marinov motor. If Ids* has velocity w* relative to I’ds’*: ddF* acts on conduction electrons of ds* as when w=0 and also acts on electrons and nuclei of ions of ds* as current elements w*dq=Dw*ds; D is linear charge density of ions. Resulting polarization by equal but opposite forces on electrons and nuclei of ions transfers ddF* from conduction electrons to ions. J. P. Wesley’s intuitive assumption is justified.

[Q1.022] Calculation of Radiative Corrections to Hyperfine Splittings in the Neutral Alkalis

The radiative correction to hyperfine splitting in hydrogen is dominated by the Schwinger term, \alpha/2\pi E_F, where E_F is the lowest-order hyperfine splitting. Binding corrections to this term, which enter as powers and logarithms of Z\alpha, can be expected to be increasingly important in atoms with higher nuclear charge Z. Methods that include all orders of Z\alpha, developed first to study highly charged ions, are adapted to the study of the neutral alkalis, lithium through francium. It is shown that the use of the Schwinger term alone to account for radiative corrections to hyperfine splittings becomes qualitatively incorrect for the heavier alkalis.

[Q1.023] New Theory of H and He Atoms

Modeling results of the hydrogen and helium atoms are presented using a new theory for "quantum" systems.

[Q1.024] Quantum Mechanical Wave Equation as Canonical Transformation of an Infinite Dimensional Hamiltonium System

It will be shown that Schroedinger's problem of forming a real wave equation can be solved with the help of some mathematical publications that appeared after he died. (in 1961)These are: (1) A theorem in Courant Hilbert II (1962): Conditions of Equivalence for Systems of Two First Order Partial Differential Equations and a Differential Equation of Second Order. (2)Modern Theory of Exact Invariants for a time dependent harmonic oscillater. (3)Works on Infinite dimensional hamiltonium systems. Of these, (1) and (2) have been referred to in my previous papers, wheras (3) is found quite recently. Especially important is the Fourior Integral Operator in the form of a canical transformation. The wave function so obtained is shown to be trully relativistic and is significantly different from the first order complex wave equation known as Schroedinger Equation.

[Q1.025] What is quantum entanglement?

Since it was first noted by Schrodinger, Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen, quantum entanglement has played very important role in quantum information theory and foundations of quantum mechanics, it's considered to be one of the deepest aspects of quantum mechanics. Quantum entanglement plays a central role in realizing quantum teleportation, quantum cryptography and quantum computer. Although quantum entanglement is very fundamental and useful, it is also mysterious. I shall try to uncover some mysterious aspects of quantum entanglement with respect to our own work. My presentation will focus on the physical interpretation of entanglement, separability criterion and the basic types of quantum entanglement. There are more questions to be solved than questions which are solved.

[Q1.026] Single Photon Time-Path Interferometry

Single photon interference in an unbalanced Mach-Zender interferometer can be achieved by extending the idea of J. D. Franson's position and time interferometry. The essence of the Franson interferometery was to exploit the indistinguishability between the photon pairs that have taken the long-long paths and short-short paths. While there would be no interference effect for only one photon in the Franson interferometer, one can construct a new single photon time-path interferometry by placing an alternative longer path in front of an unbalanced Mach-Zender interferometer.

[Q1.027] Post-Deadline Abstracts

[Q1.028] Perturbative evolution of circular orbits around supermassive Kerr black holes

Rewriting the Teukolsky equation for gravitational perturbations as a 2+1 PDE and discretizing it using a finite difference Lax-Wendroff scheme we have been able to evolve binary systems consisting of a central black hole and a small compact object in orbit around it. With energy balance arguments one can simulate the approximate effects of decay by radiation reaction until the orbit reaches the ISCO and plunges into the central hole. We show convergence of the code and validate it by comparing to the gravitational wave flux from equatorial circular orbits whose high accuracy results are well known.

[Q1.029] Higher order corrections to resummed cross sections in electroweak boson production

I discuss the recent progress made in the calculation of higher-order corrections to transverse momentum distributions in Higgs boson production and its background at the Large Hadron Collider. I analyze these corrections in the framework of the impact parameter formalism for all-order summation of soft and collinear contributions.

[Q1.030] A Violation of Einstein's Equivalence Principle

In this letter I point out that classical electrodynamics is not always consistent with Einstein's Equivalence Principle. The inconsistency arises from radiation effects of accelerated charges.

[Q1.031] Seiberg Duality and Matrix Model

Using the amazing relationship between supersymmetric field theory and matrix model discovered by Dijkgraaf and Vafa, we demonstrate the Seiberg duality in the matrix model under the mass deformation. This serves as a nontrivial evidence for the matrix model conjecture.

[Q1.032] Study on CMS HF Light-guide System at the University of Iowa

The University of Iowa is one of the institutes that participate CMS of LHC project at CERN. The HF calorimeter of the CMS detector is composed of an iron absorber with embedded quartz fibers and the optical read-out system that is composed of pmts and light-guides. Due to both Hf location and the operating conditions, light-guides will be placed between the fiber bundles and the pmts. So as to reduce the loss of light we need the right reflecting material and the optimum design on light-guides. In this paper we give the results of the tests that were performed in University of Iowa CMS laboratories on CMS-Hf light guide system. Two different reflecting materials, as well as two different shapes of light-guides were tested before and after radiation.

[Q1.033] Cosmic Implications of Bosanovae, the controlled collapse of a Bose Einstein Condensate

Phenomena associated with the controlled collapse of a Bose-Einstein condensate (Bosenova) described in the experiment of Donley et al, Nature 412, 295 (2001) are explained here as a consequence of the squeezing and parametric amplification of quantum fluctuations above the condensate by the condensate dynamics. This simple physical picture provides an excellent quantitative fit with experimental data on the scaling behavior of the collapse time and the amount of particles emitted in the jets. The underlying mechanisms are the same as those accountable for cosmological particle creation, structure formation and spinodal instability in phase transitions. One can thus view the Bosenovae experiment as a table-top analog model for these cosmological processes and conceivably design experiments with BEC dynamics to test out other basic mechanisms and generic features of quantum processes in the early universe, thus opening a new venue for performing `laboratory cosmology'. (Note, however, this is not the physical process behind the Hawking effect of black hole particle creation.)

Part Q of program listing